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HOW TO MAKE INTELLIGENT DECISIONS
Table of Contents
ABOUT THIS BOOK
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
Decision Making is Everybody’s Business
PART 1
1.0 HOW TO MAKE INTELLIGENT DECISIONS
1.1 Nature and Importance of Decision Making
1.2 Factors Favoring Decision Making
1.3 Factors Fostering Indecision
1.4 DECISION MAKING - PERSONAL AND BUSINESS
1.4.1 Personal (Individual) Decisions
1.4.2 Business Decisions
1.4.2.1 Five Different Styles of Organizational Decision Making
1.4.2.2 Which Style is Better Suited to a Particular Situation
1.5 APPLIED DECISION MAKING
1.5.1 The Context of the Decision
1.5.2 The Need for the Decision
1.5.3 The Time Scale of the Decision
1.5.4 The Type of the Decision
1.6 DO’S AND DO NOT’S IN DECISION MAKING
1.6.1 DO’s
1.6.2 DO NOT’s
1.7 Understanding Decision Making
1.8 Tips to Improve Your Decision Making
1.9 Tips to Practice Decision Making
1.10 What is Next After Decision Making
1.11 HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR THINKING SKILLS
1.11.1 Importance of Thinking
1.11.2 The Purpose of Thinking
1.11.3 Can We Improve Our Thinking Ability?
1.11.4 Why Should We Improve Our Thinking Skills
1.11.5 Misconceptions and Wrong Notions Regarding Thinking
1.11.6 Errors in Thinking
1.11.6.1 Partialism
1.11.6.2 Adversary Thinking
1.11.6.3 Time Scale Error
1.11.6.4 Initial Judgement
1.11.6.5 Arrogance and Conceit.
1.11.6.6 Ego Involvement
1.11.6.7 Ego Centricity
1.11.6.8 Magnitude Error
1.11.6.9 Extremes
1.11.7 Tips to Develop Your Thinking
1.12 PROBLEM SOLVING
1.12.1 Problem Solving Strategies
1.12.2 Stages of Problem Solving
1.12.3 Tips to Improve Your Problem Solving Skills
1.12.4 Perception of the Problem is More Important
1.13 CREATIVITY
1.13.1 STAGES OF CREATIVE THINKING
1.13.2 Tips to Improve Your Creativity
PART 2
2.1 DECISION MAKING METHODS/TECHNIQUES
2.1.1 METHOD OF CHANCE
2.1.1.1 Chances are LTD: Lottery Toss Dice
2.1.1.2 Method of Lottery
2.1.1.3 Coin Tossing (Head or Tail Method)
2.1.1.4 Dice
2.1.2 Method of Analysis
2.1.2.1 The FGL Method
2.1.2.2 Ideal Solution Method
2.1.2.3 Best Home Method
2.1.2.4 Easy Way Out Method
2.1.2.5 Read out or the Spell out Method
2.1.3 METHOD OF INTUITION
2.2 THINKING TECHNIQUES
2.2.1 Thinking Formulae
2.2.1.1 AGO
2.2.1.2 CAF
2.2.1.3 PMI
2.2.1.4 OPV
- APC
2.2.1.6 C&S
2.2.1.7 FIP
2.2.2 Lateral Thinking
2.2.2.1 Divide the Problem into Small Sub-Problems
2.2.2.2 Move Attention form One Part of the Problem to Another Part
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How To Develop Your Will Power
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Proven and Time Tested Methods/Techniques
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Know-What, Know-How and Know-Why of Will Power and all the parameters related to it
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HOLISTIC INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE
Professor, Dept. of Psychology, Kerala University
Copyright reserved 1980
This technique for personal growth is based on the principle that increased awareness leads to beneficial changes and increased integration of the individual. The method combines ancient methods of meditation with modern techniques of Psychology.
PRELIMINARIES
- TIME AND PLACE
Select a quiet place where you can sit comfortably for a maximum of about 15 minutes once or twice daily. This is best practiced when the stomach is not full, early morning or late in the evening.
- POSTURE
Sit with spine erect as this facilitates awareness. The crossed-legged posture is best. Be flexible and not rigid(check this by swaying from side to side). - SELECTION OF A RELEASE-WORD
Select a word (or a combination of a few words) which puts you at ease and gives you a feeling of security. Do not change this frequently. For example, you may use the word peace, or release. If you are religious, you can use the word god or the name of a god.
THE ACTUAL PRACTICE
Step 1:
Become aware of external disturbances and how they affect you. Particularly listen to sounds.
Step 2:
Become aware of your body. Feel the sensations (tension, pains, heaviness etc.) from head to foot. Become aware of how bodily sensations affection your mind. When you practise alone, initially, you can select each part of the body one by one, move that part, contract and release muscles in that area two or three times and also
massage that area gently with your own hands, to increase awareness. This need not be done every day, especially after a few days of practice.
Step 3:
Become aware of your breathing rhythm. Feel the breath coming in and breathing rhythm and your present state of the mind. Deliberately take three to five slow and deep breaths, pausing for a comfortable period of time after each inhalation and each exhalation.
Step 4:
Become aware of your mind ( thoughts and feeling). Observe thoughts coming and going in an associated sequence. Do not try to control or alter the nature, content or speed of thoughts. Recognize how thoughts keep coming and associated thoughts feelings arise, disturbing you. Do not deliberately start raking up or following any line of thought. Thoughts keep coming and get desensitized automatically.
Step 5:
Fix awareness on the Release-Word you have selected. You can repeat it a few ( say, three to five) times in your mind, at a leisurely pace, gradually reducing the intensity and speed. This word (by auto-suggestion) will automatically pop up in your mind gently and bring your mind back to pure awareness when your mind starts going along any chain of thoughts in the next last step. You are strengthening a path from thoughts to pure consciousness.
Step 6:
Here you do nothing. Let go totally. Do not desire, expect, deliberately look for, evaluate or try to become aware of anything. Do not try control the mind. Do not use force or feel guilty of thoughts. When thoughts again come, the Release-Word, by association with the process of thoughts, will spontaneously appear in the mind, cutting the chain of thoughts. As the sequence of thoughts - Release-Word- stillness repeats itself, by gradual practice, you will experience increasingly longer periods of stillness or pure awareness.
SEQUENCE OF THE SIX STEPS:
There is no overlap of the six steps. For example once you end step 1, after paying attention to external sounds, you do not have to pay any further attention to external sounds, you do not have to pay any further attention to sounds. Similarly once you close step 3 where you attend to breath and take a few deep breaths, you need not pay any further attention to how you are breathing during the following steps. Once you close step 5, where you attend to the Release-Word, you need not think of or intentionally take up the Release-Word again.
DURATION OF THE DIFFERENT STEPS
The total time for the whole practice need not exceed 15 minutes in one sitting. It is the quality which counts. Initially the relative duration of the earlier steps have to be longer and day by day the duration of the earlier steps can be reduced and later steps can be increased (of course, keeping the total time 15 minutes or less). In step 6, stop if you feel increasing restlessness or that further sitting does not lead to further increase in the quality of pure awareness. By gradual practice you will know how much time to spend on each step and how you can profitably reduce the time spent on earlier steps and increase the time on later steps.
PRECAUTIONS
If you have an improper life-style (check physical, social and psychological aspects), you may experience increasing tension or feeling of disintegration when you practice this. If you experience any kind of distress, or you are in doubt, temporarily discontinue.
Take a vegetarian diet with a high proportion of raw things. Have proper, moderate physical exercise. Avoid intoxicants. Correct any defect that you may have in your dealings with other people or in your value system. Take up the HIT practice again after you have attained the initial stability required for the practice.
***
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Caution: (SWOT Analysis)
If you are depressive now, searching for your weaknesses and for the threats against you may pull you further deep into depression. In this case, search your strengths and the opportunities open to you only. This is the problem with all analytical techniques.
Holistic techniques do not need any SWOT analysis for their implementation.
Note
From a holistic point of view, there is no need to test your abilities like IQ, EQ or the like.
How to do the SWOT Analysis
- Take a fresh page and put the heading "My strengths". Put the sub-heading My Strengths - As I perceive
- Now write down the strengths you think you have. Write the reasons why you think so. If the page is over, continue to the next page.
Order them in ascending order of importance. And re-write it in a fresh page.
- Take another fresh page and put the sub heading - My Strengths - As others perceive.
- List all those strengths that others have told you that you possess. Order them in ascending order of importance. And re-write it in a fresh page.
- Take another fresh page and put the heading - My Weaknesses, Negatives. Put the sub-heading - My weaknesses as I perceive
- Write down the weaknesses you think are fatal to your success. Order them in ascending order with the lowest weakness coming first. And re-write it in a fresh page.
- Put the sub heading - My weaknesses - A others perceive
- Write them down and order them. Re-write them.
- In a fresh page write the heading - My Opportunities
- Write down these opportunities. Even your weaknesses can be opportunities. Order then based on importance. Re-write them.
- In a new page put the heading - Threats against me
- Write down these threats and order them and rewrite them.
***
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